Marine riser

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a production riser system wherein the riser ( 1 ), at the touchdown point ( 5 ), has a bottom flexjoint ( 8 ) so that the dynamic motion of the riser ( 1 ) is absorbed by angular excursion ( 9 ) of the flexjoint ( 8 ) and not by the interaction of the sag bend ( 10 ) with the seabed ( 6 ). The surface end of the riser may be fixed, or coupled by a second flexjoint to a production and storage vessel.

[0001] The present invention relates to a marine riser, and in particular a steel catenary riser, and to methods of operating such a riser.

[0002] In offshore oil and gas fields, a riser provides a conduit to connect a wellhead on the seabed to a surface support on the surface of the water. Catenary risers, and more particularly Steel Catenary Risers, known as SCRs have been considered for deep-water application for a considerable time now. The deep environment allows a metallic riser to be sufficiently flexible to accommodate the stress induced by first- and second-order motions of the surface support. Risers may be permanent, for production, or temporary, for maintenance or service operations.

[0003] A riser is subject to great pressures and tensions along its length, particularly when used in deep sea applications. These are due to factors such as the high hydrostatic pressures at such depths and the large weights due to its long suspended length. Furthermore, heave motions of the surface support will be transmitted to the point at which the riser first contacts the seabed, herein known as the touchdown point (TDP), and therefore large bottom tensions and compressions can occur.

[0004] The interface between the touchdown point and the catenary riser is very difficult to model and as a result the relative interaction between seabed and pipe is a very serious problem which could have adverse consequences if not handled properly, for example, causing seabed destruction or pipe embedment. It is therefore desired to control better the touchdown point.

[0005] Attempts have been made to address some of these problems previously, such as a “hybrid catenary riser” (HCR) described in “Optimisations and Innovations of UDW Flexible Riser Systems” by Coflexip Stena Offshore at Deeptec 2000 and in WO-A-00/53884 (not published at the priority date of the present application). The HCR is comprised of a length of rigid pipe with a length of flexible pipe each end. This aims to combine the benefits of flexible pipe technology, with the lower cost of rigid steel risers. This though does not address directly the problem of touchdown point control nor prevent excursion of the touchdown point itself. WO-A-99/05388, published Feb. 4, 1999, also proposes a similar configuration of flexible-rigid-flexible conduit sections, for maintenance operations from a DP (dynamically positioned) vessel.

[0006] Also known are flexible joints or “flexjoints”. These devices can be welded between two sections of a pipeline, to allow relative angular rotation (typically up to +/−25 degrees) between two pipe sections. Use of some form of flexible joints as part of a riser system is suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 5,615,917. In that case, flexible joints are incorporated at numerous points spaced along the length of the riser to give the riser flexibility. The use of many flexible joints along the length of the riser is expensive and unnecessary as the curvature of a riser can be high at the top of the riser and at the touchdown point but the section of the riser between these two points is always relatively straight. WO-A99/05388 mentioned above discusses briefly an alternative arrangement using a flexjoint. This is understood to refer to a drilling or workover application, however, as opposed to a permanent production riser. In this arrangement, again the surface support conventionally must provide motion compensation and/or constant tension, as the flexjoint must not be operated in compression.

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide better control of the catenary riser at the touchdown point and to limit the stress level of the catenary riser structure in the sag bend, that is the bend at the bottom end of the riser.

[0008] This is achieved by the invention as set forth in the appended claim 1, by providing a catenary riser incorporating a device, such as a flexjoint, so as to fix the touchdown point, that is, the point at which the riser first contacts the seabed. The incorporation of such a device at the touchdown point is so that dynamic motion of the riser catenary is absorbed by angular excursion of the flexjoint and not by the interaction of the sag bend with the seabed. The riser, however can still be laid by conventional pipe laying methods such as S-lay or J-lay. The joint is kept in tension simply by the positioning of the surface support, the weight of the riser being permanently to one side of the touchdown point.

[0009] A preferred embodiment of the invention uses a second flexjoint to couple the surface support and the top of the riser. The role of this flexjoint is to absorb the bending moment generated at the top by the surface support. The expense of numerous intermediate joints is avoided, in any case, as is the expense associated with flexible conduit.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0011]FIG. 1 shows a surface support coupled to a conventional riser, before and after excursion; and

[0012]FIG. 2 shows a surface support coupled to a novel riser, before and after excursion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0013]FIG. 1 shows the path of a catenary riser 1 before (A) and after (B) an excursion 2 of the surface support 3. The catenary riser, made of welded steel tubular sections, is coupled to the surface support 3 by means of a top flexjoint 4. Surface Support 3 is, for example, a floating production and storage vessel (FSPO). The touchdown point 5 , that is the point in which the catenary riser 1 first contacts the seabed 6, is uncontrolled. Therefore the dynamic motions and excursion 2 of the surface support 3 generates modification of the catenary configuration, resulting in an excursion 7 of the touchdown point 5 itself. This, in turn, results in the undesirable interaction of the sag bend 10 with the seabed 6.

[0014]FIG. 2 shows a modified catenary riser 1 wherein at the touchdown point 5 there is incorporated in the catenary riser 1 a bottom flexjoint 8. The top of the catenary riser 1 is coupled to the surface support 3 by means of a top flexjoint 4 as in FIG. 1. In this example any dynamic motions or excursion 2 of the surface support 3 are absorbed by the angular excursion 9 of the bottom flexjoint 8 and therefore not absorbed by the interaction of the sag bend 10 with the seabed 6. The nominal position of the vessel is set so that the weight of the riser 1 in the catenary shape will keep the flexjoint under tension, over the entire expected range of surface vessel excursions. The excursions that can be accommodated in this way would result in very large and damaging excursions of the touchdown point in a conventional touchdown arrangement.

[0015] The flexjoint 8 can be of known type, permitting bending both up and down and side to side. A known form of flexjoint is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,615,917 mentioned above. Other types of flexjoint may of course be used, from suppliers such as Oil States Industries in Arlington, Tex., USA, alternatively Techlam in France. The flexjoints 4 and 8 at the top and bottom of the riser are adapted to the different combinations of pressure and axial load encountered at these locations. The bulk and mass of the flexjoints are not an issue in the present case, as they are supported by the seabed and the surface vessel respectively.

[0016] The skilled reader will appreciate that many variations are possible within the spirit and scope of the invention defined in the appended claims, and the embodiments disclosed herein should be regarded as examples only. It will be understood that terms such as “marine” and “seabed”, as used in the description and claims, are not intended to exclude application in bodies of water other than open seas. Moreover, the touchdown point may be on part of a subsea installation raised from the seabed, or in a trench. “Seabed” is therefore not to be interpreted as being limited to the natural seabed in its undisturbed state. 

1. A riser system comprising a continuous metallic riser conduit (1) extending substantially from seabed to surface, to connect a surface installation (3) to a seabed installation wherein, where the riser reaches the seabed (6), there is incorporated at least a joint which allows relative angular rotation between the riser conduit and conduit supported by the seabed, so as to fix the point at which the riser reaches the seabed during expected excursions of the surface support position.
 2. A riser system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the riser is coupled to the surface support by means of a second joint which allows relative angular rotation between the riser and the surface support.
 3. A riser system as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein said riser conduit is made of steel pipe, and follows substantially a catenary path.
 4. A riser system as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, in use as a permanent production system for hydrocarbons.
 5. A riser system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said surface support is controlled so as to maintain a minimum horizontal displacement from the relative to the touchdown point.
 6. A riser system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the surface support comprises a dynamically positioned vessel.
 7. A riser system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the surface support comprises a moored vessel.
 8. A riser system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein said first joint provides at least two angular degrees of freedom.
 9. A method of controlling the touchdown point of a substantially continuous catenary riser conduit, wherein a joint is incorporated which allows relative angular rotation between the riser and a conduit supported on the seabed.
 10. A method as claimed in claim 8 wherein the riser conduit is coupled to a surface support by means of a second joint which allows relative angular rotation between the riser conduit and the surface support.
 11. A method as claimed in claim 8 or 9 wherein said riser conduit is made of steel pipe, and follows substantially a catenary path.
 12. A method as claimed in claim 8, 9 or 10 wherein said riser conduit forms part of a permanent production system for hydrocarbons.
 13. A method as claimed in any of claims 8 to 11, wherein the surface support is controlled so as to maintain a minimum horizontal displacement from the relative to the touchdown point.
 14. A method as claimed in any of claims 8 to 11, wherein the surface support comprises a dynamically positioned vessel.
 15. A method as claimed in any of claims 8 to 13, wherein the surface support comprises a moored vessel.
 16. A method as claimed in any of claims 8 to 14, wherein said first joint provides at least two angular degrees of freedom. 